LEAPS Covered Calls

LEAPS covered calls are much like other stock covered call options that investors can use to generate cash income in their stock brokerage accounts, but with one important difference.  The difference is that LEAPS, or Long Term Equity AnticiPation Securities, have expiration dates longer than one year.  An example might help to explain how to use LEAPS covered calls to your advantage.

First, if you are not familiar with options trading, a call option gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy a pre-determined quantity of an asset, usually a stock or commodity, at the specified price (strike price), on or before the expiration date of the option contract.  A covered call  option is just a standard call option where the seller is covering the contract with securities that are already owned in their brokerage account.  LEAPS covered calls are standardized call option contracts with expiration dates over one year away, that are secured by the shares of stock that are already owned in the sellers trading account.  Since each LEAP option contract represents 100 shares of stock, these covered options can only be sold (also known as writing a call option) based on full 100 share increments of the underlying stock that the option is being written against.  For example, if an investor holds 200 shares of General Electric (GE) in their brokerage account, they would be able to write (or sell) 2 LEAPS covered calls.

The longer expiration dates that LEAPs possess give long term investors the ability to get exposure to long term price changes, with no need for a combination of shorter-term option contracts. Also, the premiums (price) for LEAPs are higher than for standard options in the same stock because the increased expiration date gives the underlying stock more time to make a large price move and for the investors to make a good profits.  Conversely, for the investor writing LEAPS covered calls, they get a higher cash payment up front for taking on the risk that they may be called out of their stock over the longer time frame contained in the covered LEAP contract.

One other characteristic that an investor considering writing LEAPS covered calls should consider is that the price decay of a LEAP call option is much slower than an option with a much nearer term expiration date.  For instance, if a call option with a strike price  equal to the underlying stocks current price only has a month to expiration, and the underlying stock price stays flat, the price of the call option will decline to nothing over the final month of the contract.  However, a leap contract will register a very minimal reduction in price over the same month, due to it’s longer time to expiration.

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Stock Options Basics

Put options give an option buyer the right to sell 100 shares of an underlying stock at the strike price that the option contract was written for. While the put option buyer is not obligated to exercise the contract, if the buyer does exercise the contract, the option seller is obligated to pay the contract price for 100 shares of the underlying stock from the contract buyer, on or before the expiration date of the contract. Put option buyers are betting that the price of the underlying stock will move down. A put option becomes more valuable when the price of the underlying stock goes down.

are one of the most versatile trading vehicles available. Options on stocks are highly leveraged derivative investments, with a very well defined risk/reward profile.

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 Best Dividend Stocks

When it comes to finding the best dividend stocks, you’ll probably want to use an automated stock dividend screener as a tool to find good candidates to buy.  Screening is a way to scan the stock market for stocks that meet your particular criteria.  Dividend investing can be very profitable, and while there are many stock screening programs out there (some you pay for, some are free – I’ll list a couple of free ones at the end of this article), it is important to understand the characteristics of good dividend stocks, so your screening tool can help you filter out unacceptable choices.

For an easy dividend stock screener to find the best dividend stocks, I would suggest focusing on the following qualities to help find strong dividend stock candidates:

Dividend Yield – The dividend yield can be calculated primarily in one of two ways – either by using the trailing 12 months dividends, or by using the expected dividends for the upcoming 12 months, and then dividing that number by the current price of the stock.  Ideally you want to buy dividend stocks that have a yield that is higher than the overall market.  Stock market yields as well as individual stocks yields will fluctuate over time, as stock prices move up and down, and the amount companies pay out in dividends changes, so it is good to check these factors right before you buy a stock, and not just rely on data you put together at some earlier point in time. At this time, I would suggest looking for stocks with dividend yields of at least 4% to 5%.

Profit – Also known as earnings, profit drives company growth, and more importantly for us, profit is what pays dividends in healthy stocks that pay dividends (some company’s pay for dividends by taking on more debt, and distributing that cash to share holders – see the next paragraph for more on debt).  While there are many ways to measure profitability, one widely used indicator that can be found on most stock screens is return on equity (ROE).  For ROE, the higher the better.  The minimum ROE we want is in the 10% to 12% range.  Another great indicator for profitability that is available on many stock screeners is earnings per share (EPS) – again, the higher the better for this indicator too.

Debt – Many of the best dividend stocks are from companies that are large, mature, and have accumulated long term debt during the process of growing into their current state.  The problem with debt is that too much of it can represent a risk to future dividend payments if the company goes into a rough patch, and earnings drop to the point where they may need the money they normally pay out as dividends to service their debt payments.  One easy way to measure debt is to look at the debt to equity ratio.  For our purposes, we would like to see the company financed with more equity than debt, which means that our dividend stock screener would need to limit the debt to equity ratio to less than .5, and ideally, you should look for stocks with a ratio even lower than that.

Market Cap – Also known as the market capitalization of a company, is a good way to filter the size of the company you are looking for.  Market cap is just the total number of shares outstanding, multiplied by the current price of the stock.  Most analysts use this as the measure of a company’s size.  For our dividend investing purposes, we want strong stable companies, and bigger companies are generally safer than smaller ones, so for market cap, select stocks that are at least $2 Billion. 

Valuation – This is how much the market is paying for a company’s earnings stream.  For this, we actually want a low valuation, because that usually means that a company’s stock price has been beaten down relative to it’s earnings.  The price to earnings ratio (P/E) is a widely available indicator that can help you assess valuation on a free dividend stock screener.

A couple of free dividend stock screeners that you can try to help you find the best dividend stocks are at MSN.COM and FINVIZ.COM.

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Value stock investing is an investment strategy that looks for stocks which are undervalued when compared to a value you calculate with various fundamental analysis indicators.  While the description may sound a little complicated, you will see that with a little practice, fundamental analysis for value stock investing is not as difficult as it sounds, in fact, with readily available online tools, finding good value stocks is easy.

First a little history – value stock investing was popularized by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd, and their 1934 book, Security Analysis, remains popular to this day – many bookstores still stock this one on their shelves.  Famous investors like Warren Buffet and Mario Gabelli have made fortunes using the value stock investing strategy to find under priced stocks to buy.

Value stock investors look for stocks with strong fundamental characteristics, such as business revenue growth, cash flow, earnings growth, book value, and cash flow.  All of these items, and more, are found on company’s quarterly and annual reports.  The key is finding stocks that sell at a bargain price vs. their underlying quality based on these fundamental metrics.  Value stock investors constantly seek out companies that are currently incorrectly valued (i.e. undervalued) by the stock market and therefore have the potential to increase in share price when the market corrects its error in valuation.  Some good value stocks pay higher dividend yields due to their lower price relative to the dividend that they pay (there are even monthly dividend stocks that fall inot this category).

Since value stocks are under priced, this means that they are out of favor with the market, which makes value stock investors contrarians by definition.  Buying value stocks can, at times, be tough psychologically, because in many cases, you are buying companies or industries that are receiving a lot of negative press.  Right now there are companies and industries that you can read about in the news, where nearly every article you read in the business press, or every story about them you watch on television, is very negative.  As I write this article in Spring, 2009, there is a recession in full swing, with banks, housing stocks, and REITs all being whacked the most by the business media.  These are the types of areas where value stock investors are prospecting for good companies with good fundamantal characteristics, that are having their stock prices dragged down with the rest of the companies in their industry.  A good tool for determining if a stock is undervalued is to look at it’s earnings yield.

With the tools, resources, and articles posted on this website, value stock investing will become another tool for you to use in your successful online investing activities.

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