Stock Options Basics

Stock options provide advanced investors with more ways to make money in the stock market, and in fact, they
At their most basic level, stock options are a contract between a buyer and a seller that gives the buyer the right to buy (with a call option) or sell (with a put option) 100 shares of a particular stock to the seller of the option at a specific price, by a certain date. It is important to note that the option buyer is under no obligation to exercise their option, so the option buyer’s total risk is limited to the amount they paid for the option.
Call options give the option buyer the right to buy 100 shares of the underlying stock at the strike price in the option contract by the date specified in the options contract. The call option buyer is not obligated to exercise the contract, but if the buyer chooses to exercise the contract, the seller is obligated to sell 100 shares of stock at the strike price. From the option buyers perspective, a call option is a bet on the underlying stock gaining in share price. A call option becomes more valuable as the price of the underlying stock goes up.

Put options give an option buyer the right to sell 100 shares of an underlying stock at the strike price that the option contract was written for. While the put option buyer is not obligated to exercise the contract, if the buyer does exercise the contract, the option seller is obligated to pay the contract price for 100 shares of the underlying stock from the contract buyer, on or before the expiration date of the contract. Put option buyers are betting that the price of the underlying stock will move down. A put option becomes more valuable when the price of the underlying stock goes down.

are one of the most versatile trading vehicles available. Options on stocks are highly leveraged derivative investments, with a very well defined risk/reward profile.

Stock options are traded in regulated exchanges (or markets), and depending on their liquidity, their price moves up and down throughout the day due to such factors as supply and demand, movement in the price of the underlying stock, length of time until the contract expires. Contracts on standardized options typically expire on the third Friday of their expiration month. For example, if you bought a July call option contract, it would expire on the third Friday in July.
Stock options are a popular way to control risk in a stock portfolio. They are also widely used by individual investors to generate income through strategies like covered call writing. While equity options may seem a little confusing at first, it is well worth the effort to learn about them.
 

 

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Value stock investing is an investment strategy that looks for stocks which are undervalued when compared to a value you calculate with various fundamental analysis indicators.  While the description may sound a little complicated, you will see that with a little practice, fundamental analysis for value stock investing is not as difficult as it sounds, in fact, with readily available online tools, finding good value stocks is easy.

First a little history – value stock investing was popularized by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd, and their 1934 book, Security Analysis, remains popular to this day – many bookstores still stock this one on their shelves.  Famous investors like Warren Buffet and Mario Gabelli have made fortunes using the value stock investing strategy to find under priced stocks to buy.

Value stock investors look for stocks with strong fundamental characteristics, such as business revenue growth, cash flow, earnings growth, book value, and cash flow.  All of these items, and more, are found on company’s quarterly and annual reports.  The key is finding stocks that sell at a bargain price vs. their underlying quality based on these fundamental metrics.  Value stock investors constantly seek out companies that are currently incorrectly valued (i.e. undervalued) by the stock market and therefore have the potential to increase in share price when the market corrects its error in valuation.  Some good value stocks pay higher dividend yields due to their lower price relative to the dividend that they pay (there are even monthly dividend stocks that fall inot this category).

Since value stocks are under priced, this means that they are out of favor with the market, which makes value stock investors contrarians by definition.  Buying value stocks can, at times, be tough psychologically, because in many cases, you are buying companies or industries that are receiving a lot of negative press.  Right now there are companies and industries that you can read about in the news, where nearly every article you read in the business press, or every story about them you watch on television, is very negative.  As I write this article in Spring, 2009, there is a recession in full swing, with banks, housing stocks, and REITs all being whacked the most by the business media.  These are the types of areas where value stock investors are prospecting for good companies with good fundamantal characteristics, that are having their stock prices dragged down with the rest of the companies in their industry.  A good tool for determining if a stock is undervalued is to look at it’s earnings yield.

With the tools, resources, and articles posted on this website, value stock investing will become another tool for you to use in your successful online investing activities.

 

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