Best Dividend Stocks

When it comes to finding the best dividend stocks, you’ll probably want to use an automated stock dividend screener as a tool to find good candidates to buy.  Screening is a way to scan the stock market for stocks that meet your particular criteria.  Dividend investing can be very profitable, and while there are many stock screening programs out there (some you pay for, some are free – I’ll list a couple of free ones at the end of this article), it is important to understand the characteristics of good dividend stocks, so your screening tool can help you filter out unacceptable choices.

For an easy dividend stock screener to find the best dividend stocks, I would suggest focusing on the following qualities to help find strong dividend stock candidates:

Dividend Yield – The dividend yield can be calculated primarily in one of two ways – either by using the trailing 12 months dividends, or by using the expected dividends for the upcoming 12 months, and then dividing that number by the current price of the stock.  Ideally you want to buy dividend stocks that have a yield that is higher than the overall market.  Stock market yields as well as individual stocks yields will fluctuate over time, as stock prices move up and down, and the amount companies pay out in dividends changes, so it is good to check these factors right before you buy a stock, and not just rely on data you put together at some earlier point in time. At this time, I would suggest looking for stocks with dividend yields of at least 4% to 5%.

Profit – Also known as earnings, profit drives company growth, and more importantly for us, profit is what pays dividends in healthy stocks that pay dividends (some company’s pay for dividends by taking on more debt, and distributing that cash to share holders – see the next paragraph for more on debt).  While there are many ways to measure profitability, one widely used indicator that can be found on most stock screens is return on equity (ROE).  For ROE, the higher the better.  The minimum ROE we want is in the 10% to 12% range.  Another great indicator for profitability that is available on many stock screeners is earnings per share (EPS) – again, the higher the better for this indicator too.

Debt – Many of the best dividend stocks are from companies that are large, mature, and have accumulated long term debt during the process of growing into their current state.  The problem with debt is that too much of it can represent a risk to future dividend payments if the company goes into a rough patch, and earnings drop to the point where they may need the money they normally pay out as dividends to service their debt payments.  One easy way to measure debt is to look at the debt to equity ratio.  For our purposes, we would like to see the company financed with more equity than debt, which means that our dividend stock screener would need to limit the debt to equity ratio to less than .5, and ideally, you should look for stocks with a ratio even lower than that.

Market Cap – Also known as the market capitalization of a company, is a good way to filter the size of the company you are looking for.  Market cap is just the total number of shares outstanding, multiplied by the current price of the stock.  Most analysts use this as the measure of a company’s size.  For our dividend investing purposes, we want strong stable companies, and bigger companies are generally safer than smaller ones, so for market cap, select stocks that are at least $2 Billion. 

Valuation – This is how much the market is paying for a company’s earnings stream.  For this, we actually want a low valuation, because that usually means that a company’s stock price has been beaten down relative to it’s earnings.  The price to earnings ratio (P/E) is a widely available indicator that can help you assess valuation on a free dividend stock screener.

A couple of free dividend stock screeners that you can try to help you find the best dividend stocks are at MSN.COM and FINVIZ.COM.

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ROIC Growth Formula

The ROIC growth formula relies on evaluating return on invested capital (also known as ROIC) as a way of looking at stocks that helps smart value investors find good stocks to buy.  First let’s look at what is return on invested capital, then we’ll examine why companies with comparatively large values of this key performance indicator tend to outperform their competition over time (and make good value investment candidates).

The first step in the ROIC growth formula is understanding how to calculate ROIC for the companies that you are thinking about investing in, so here is the formula:

(Net Operating Profit After Taxes) / (Invested Capital)

Now there are a couple of things that must be noted about this formula.  First, net operating profit after tax (NOPAT)is not the same thing as net income.  Net income counts money that a company receives from all sources, whereas NOPAT is derived from the sales that a business makes from the ongoing operations of its main business.  Some of the revenue that is not included in NOPAT are things like interest income from cash and cash equivalents (short term securities like T-Bills), and rent from real estate that the company may own, but sub-leases to other businesses because it is not currently needed by the company.  These types of revenue, that are not from sales of the companies main products and services, add noise to what we are seeking – a clear view of the company’s operating efficiency – so we take them out of the equation.  The second thing that we have to consider is that invested capital is not just equity (like what is used in return on equity (ROE) calculations), but also includes long term debt that is used to grow and sustain the business.

The ROIC growth formula is fairly simple – calculate the return on invested capital for the companies in the industry group you are considering investing in, identify the company with the highest value of this indicator, then buy it when it gets to a good price.  By comparing the return on invested capital values of companies in the same industry, the one with the highest return is likely to either continue dominating the industry, or, if it is not already dominating its industry, should outperform the industry over time.  If you think about it, the company with the highest return on invested capital is yielding a higher percentage of profit for every dollar invested in the company - either by equity share holders or debt bond holders.  The competitive advantage that allows a company to earn these higher than industry average returns are usually due to a dominating position in the market place, which makes it possible for them to charge more for their product or service relative to their cost, which leaves other companies in the sector competing based on price discounting (and lower margins).  Over time, this sustained competitive advantage allows the company with higher returns on invested capital to grow faster than its competition, which drives its stock price higher.

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ROIC – What is Return On Invested Capital?

What is return on invested capital?   

Most casual investors have probably never heard of the acronym ROIC.  Investors that do their homework before they buy a stock have probably run across ROIC, but don’t really understand what it is, or why it is important.  So, what is return on invested capital?  At a high level, ROIC is a way to measure how efficiently it uses the cash it invests in it’s operations – whether that cash comes from loans or cash it generates from its ongoing operations.  Another way looking at ROIC is the amount of profit that a business generates for every dollar invested in it’s ongoing operations.

Before we get into too much detail, here is how to calculate ROIC (return on invested capital):

Net Operating Profit After Tax
——————————————————
Invested Capital (Long Term Debt + Equity)

When trying to answer the question “what is return on invested capital?”, or “why is ROIC better than ROE?”, there are a couple of details that an investor must master.  First, unlike return on equity, return on invested capital looks at all funding sources that a company’s management team uses to fund the growth of the business.  This includes both equity investments from shareholders, as well as debt investments from bondholders and banks.  ROE only uses shareholder equity as the denominator in the equation, which leaves out long term interest bearing debt used to finance the growth of the company.

The other detail that an investor needs to get used to is not just looking at net profit, which is used in the ROE calculation that they are probably accustomed to seeing, but instead looking at net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) instead.  The difference in these two numbers is that net profit includes income from all sources, whereas NOPAT looks at income from sales revenue.  Some of the income items that are not included with NOPAT are interest on investments (typically interest that accrues on cash and cash equivalents), revenue from sub-leased office space, etc.  In other words, NOPAT focuses on revenue generated only from the main focus of the business activities of the company you are looking at.

By focusing on after tax net operating profit, and ALL of the capital that a business is using to sustain and grow that cash flow, the time it takes to learn what is return on invested capital can give an investor a much better and deeper view on the health of a company that is being considered as an investment candidate.

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What is Return On Equity?

Return on equity is a popular fundamental analysis technique to measure how efficiently a company uses it’s shareholders’ investment to produce eanings.  The formula to calculate Return On Equity (ROE) is straightforward:

Return on Equity (ROE) = Net Income / Shareholder equity

Obviously this is a much simpler formula than how to calculate ROIC (return on invested capital).  Some investors would answer the “What is Return On Equity?” question by stating that return on equity is an easy and readily available way to compare different companies profitability.  A company with a high return on equity is more likely to be capable of generating cash organically (internally). For the most part, the higher a company’s return on equity compared to its industry, the better.  You need to look at ROE relative to the industry the company your evaluating is in, because not all high ROE companies make good investments.  For example, companies that require little very little assets, like consultants, will have high ROE’s relative to capital intensive companies.

So, hopefully this helped you understand what is return on equity.

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